有机肥、石灰对菠萝产量和品质的影响

Influence of Organic Fertilizer and Lime Applications on Yield and Fruit Quality of Pineapple

研究在N、P、K肥基础上增施有机肥、石灰对巴厘菠萝(Ananas comosusr cv.Comte de Paris)产量和品质的影响,通过测定各处理叶绿素含量、干物质累积量以及产量品质等相关指标,分析其影响规律及差异显著性。结果表明,在催花期之前,同时增施有机肥和石灰处理与只施无机肥(对照)的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量均比单独增施有机肥、石灰处理高,且在催花期前后,同时增施有机肥和石灰处理与单独增施石灰处理叶绿素含量差异显著。增施有机肥和石灰对菠萝植株干物质累积的影响在营养生长期表现出与叶绿素含量变化规律相一致的趋势。产量方面,单独增施有机肥和单独增施石灰处理均降低了菠萝产量,而同时增施有机肥和石灰处理产量最高,为91.98 t/hm^2,比对照增产2.11%。品质方面,单独增施有机肥处理的可溶性糖和可滴定酸含量最高,且与其他施肥处理差异显著;单独增施石灰处理的维生素C含量最高;增施有机肥和石灰可提高菠萝果实糖酸比,改善果实风味。综上可知,施用有机肥、石灰处理可以提高菠萝营养品质和风味,但同时施用才可提高菠萝干物质累积量和产量。

A field experiment was carried out to study the influence of organic fertilizer and lime in combination with NPK fertilizer on yield and fruit quality of pineapple, with NPK fertilizer alone as the contrast. Results revealed that the leaf chlorophyll contents increased when applying both organic fertilizer and lime before the forcing stage compared to applying either of them, and the difference was remarkable between organic fertilizer ＋ lime treatment and lime treatment alone at the forcing stage. The dry matter accumulations of organic fertilizer ＋ lime treatment and the contrast treatment were higher than that of fertilizer or lime treatment alone. The highest and lowest yield occurred in organic fertilizer ＋ lime treatment and organic fertilizer treatment alone, which were 91.98 t/hm2 and 88.83 t/hm2 respectively. As for fruit quality, significant improvements in the contents of soluble sugar and titratable acid were obtained by organic fertilizer treatment, and higher VC content was obtained by the application of lime alone. In general, the application of organic fertilizer alone, lime alone, or both organic fertilizer and lime all played an important role in quality, however, higher yield could be reached only when both organic fertilizer and lime were applied.