商用客机撞击储油罐破坏效应的数值模拟

Numerical simulation for damage effects of a fuel tank under commercial aircraft impact

为揭示飞机撞击作用下储油罐的损伤破坏机理并为工程防护措施提供参考,建立了精细化的空客A320飞机和10 000 m3大型储油罐有限元模型,通过LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对不同位置的撞击全过程进行了数值模拟,分析了储油罐和飞机的动力响应和损伤破坏。结果表明:随着撞击高度的增加,储油罐的损伤破坏程度加重,罐体出现明显的"V"字形褶皱变形并被飞机地板穿透;不同位置处撞击力的时程变化趋势相似,但撞击力峰值有明显差别,其中2m高处的撞击力峰值(≈9.62×106N)≈11 m高处(≈7.13×106N)的1.35倍;不同位置处撞击位移差别较大,其中11 m高处的撞击位移峰值(≈8.35 m)≈2 m高处(≈0.73 m)的11倍;罐体变形在燃油重力作用下部分恢复,并且撞击位置越低恢复程度越大,其中2 m高处的恢复程度几乎达到70%。

In order to reveal damage mechanism of a fuel tank under aircraft impact and to provide a reference for engineering protection measures,the refined finite element models for an aircraft A320 and a large fuel tank of 10 000m3 were established,respectively. The impact processes were simulated by using the commercial finite element software LSDYNA. Considering different impact positions,dynamic responses and damages of the fuel tank and the aircraft were analyzed. The results showed that the damage level of the fuel tank is more serious with increase in impact height and the wrinkle deformation like the letter ＂V＂appears on the fuel tank body with a hole; the trends of impact force-time curves of different positions are similar,but the impact force peaks are obviously different,for an example,the force peak of 2m height（ about 9. 62 × 10^6N） is nearly 1. 35 times of that of 11 m height（ about 7. 13 × 10^6N）; the displacements of different positions are significantly different,for an example,the peak displacement of 11 m height（ about 8. 35m） is nearly 11 times of that of 2m height（ about 0. 73m）; the deformations of the fuel tank recover partially due to the effect of fuel gravity,for an example,the level of recovery is almost 70% at the 2 m height position.