水产品的真伪鉴别与评价技术研究进展

Research Progress on Technology for Authenticity Identification and Evaluation of Aquatic Products

我国水产品产量大,种类多,不同品种间的品质和价格差异悬殊,致使市场上的水产品尤其是高值水产品掺杂使假、以次充好、错误标识等现象频发,严重损害消费者利益,给健康带来了风险,传统的鉴别方法存在主观性和片面性,方法不易标准化的缺点,因此亟需建立有效、客观和快速的水食品真伪鉴别与评价技术。综述了主要水产品的真伪鉴别与评价技术,包括感官鉴别、仿生感官评价技术、光谱和色谱鉴别技术以及基于核酸和蛋白质的鉴别技术等,比较了上述方法的优缺点,对水产品的真伪鉴别与评价技术研究进行了展望。

The yield and varieties of aquatic products in China is large and abundant. Due to the differences between quality and price of various aquatic products are huge,the phenomenon such as adulterated,shoddy and false identification flooded in the aquatic markets,especially the high-valued aquatic products. These problems not only infringe the rights of consumers,but also bring the risk of health to consumers. The traditional identification methods are subjective,one-sided,and difficult to be standardized. So establishing an effective,reliable,objective and rapid authenticity identification and evaluation method for aquatic products is an urgent task. This paper expounded the main authenticity identification methods,including sensory identification,bionic sensory evaluation,based on nucleic acid and protein detection techniques,spectroscopic and chromatographic identification technology. The paper also compared the advantages and disadvantages of these methods,and prospected the studies on technology of authenticity identification and evaluation of aquatic products.