水产养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因污染及其研究进展

Antibiotics Resistance Gene Pollution and its Research Progress Acheived in Aquaculture Environment

抗生素不仅能防治水产生物的细菌性疾病,还能促进养殖生物的生长,因此在水产养殖业中的使用极为广泛。中国作为世界水产养殖大国,近年来养殖生态环境所遭受的抗生素污染日益严重,并由此诱导产生了一种新型的环境污染物——抗生素抗性基因。此类污染物可通过基因水平的转移进入人体,最终危害人类的健康,正引起国内外的广泛关注。在了解水产养殖环境中抗生素使用情况的基础上,阐述了抗生素抗性基因的来源、作用机制、传播扩散机制及污染危害影响,并对未来抗生素抗性基因的研究方向进行了展望,以期引起相关研究人员的重视,为保护水产养殖环境和水产品质量安全提供依据。

Antibiotics can not only control the bacterial disease of acquatic organisms,but also promote their growth.Therefore,it is widely used in aquaculture industry. Recently,China as a major world＇s aquaculture country,her culture ecological environment is seriously suffering from the antibiotic pollution. Thus,a new type of environmental pollutant-antibiotic resistance gene is induced. Such pollutant can enter human body through horizontal gene transfer,and ultimately endanger human health. So it is attracting wide attention at home and abroad. On the basis of understanding the actual utilization of antibiotics in acquireculture environment,this paper explained the origin of antibiotic resistance gene,its action mechanism,spread diffusion mechanism,and the impacts of pollution hazards.The paper also forecasted the future research direction of antibiotic resistance gene,so as to arouse the attention of relevant researchers,and to provide basis for the protection of aquaculture environment and aquatic products＇ quality and safety.