创新驱动战略中市场作用与政府作为——德国经验及其对我国的启示

Functions between Market and Government on Innovation-driven Strategy: Practice in Germany and Its Inspiration on China

国家创新体系中政府职能的缺位、越位与错位,导致中国在实施创新驱动发展战略面临诸多障碍。德国在技术创新及创新驱动经济发展方面卓有成效的关键在于其国家创新体系中政府与市场各归其位,市场机制在激励创新、配置创新资源方面发挥决定性作用,政府致力于为创新驱动发展提供完善的市场制度体系、营造公平竞争的市场环境,并在不干预市场的基本原则下,在支持基础研究、提供科技公共服务、科技人才培养等公共领域积极作为,弥补市场机制在这些特定领域的不足。德国的成功经验对当前我国实施创新驱动战略的启示是:矫正抑制创新的体制机制缺陷,完善创新市场制度,优化市场环境,以强化创新激励;加强公共技术服务平台建设;促进创新集群与创新联盟发展;增强主体协同创新能力;完善政策评估体系等。

The ＂offside＂and ＂absence＂of government functions coexist in national innovation system as well as the dislocation of the relations between the government and the market,which makes many obstacles to carry out the innovationdriven strategy in China. In the past years of innovation- driven practice,the government of Germany has made great success and formed its own innovation characteristics. And the key to its success is that the government and the market have their places in the national innovation system,meanwhile the market mechanism plays a decisive role in stimulating innovation and allocating innovation resources.The government of Germany is committed to provide the perfect market system and the market environment of fair competition for innovation and development and to make up for the inadequacy of market mechanism in specific areas under the basic principles of not to interfere in the market. The successful experience of Germany has an important significance for promoting science and technology system reform and innovation- driven strategy in China.