婴幼儿铁缺乏症对智能发育的影响及与气质的关系

Effect of infantile iron deficiency on intellectual development and the relationship with temperament

目的探讨婴幼儿缺铁性贫血对患儿生长发育、智能发育及气质的影响,并对婴幼儿缺铁性贫血相关因素进行分析。方法选取2011年1月-2014年1月确诊为缺铁性贫血的128例婴幼儿为缺铁组,另选取社区120例正常婴幼儿为健康组,采用Gesell婴幼儿发育诊断量表及幼儿气质评估表(TTS)对婴幼儿智能发育及气质进行评价,同时测量两组患儿的体重及身长,并对影响婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的相关因素进行分析。结果与健康组相比,缺铁组婴幼儿体重及身长在均值以上的比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。缺铁组适应性、大运动、精细运动、语言、个人-社交及平均智能评分显著低于健康组(P<0.05)。缺铁组平易型、启动缓慢型、中间近平易型比例显著低于健康组(P<0.05)。缺铁组难养型、中间近难养型比例显著高于健康组(P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素分析,母乳喂养、添加铁剂及添加鱼肝油是婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的保护因素,而偏食、厌食是危险因素。结论缺血性贫血可影响婴幼儿良好气质性格的形成,影响患儿智能发育及生长发育。增加婴幼儿饮食中铁质的摄取、改善婴幼儿饮食习惯可有效改善婴幼儿缺血性贫血。

Objective To explore the effect of infantile iron deficiency on growth and development,intellectual development,and temperament of infants,analyze the related factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia. Methods A total of 128 infants diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia definitely from January 2011 to January 2014 were selected as iron deficiency group,120 normal infants were selected from a community as healthy group. Gesell Developmental Scale and Toddler Temperament Scale（ TTS） were used to evaluate intellectual development and temperament of infants; body weight and body height of infants in the two groups were measured; the related factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia were analyzed. Results Compared with healthy group,the proportions of infants with body weight and body height more than the average levels in iron deficiency group were higher,there were statistically significant differences（ P〈0. 05）. The scores of adaptability,gross motor,fine motor,language,personal- social interaction and average score of intelligence in iron deficiency group were statistically significantly lower than those in healthy group（ P〈0. 05）. The proportions of plain type,start slow type,intermediate- plain type in iron deficiency group were statistically significantly lower than those in healthy group（ P〈0. 05）. The proportions of difficult nurturing type and intermediate- difficult type in iron deficiency group were statistically significantly higher than those in healthy group（ P〈0. 05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that breastfeeding,supplements of iron and cod liver oil were protective factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia; partial eclipse and anorexia were risk factors of infantile iron deficiency anemia. Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia can affect the formation of good character,intellectual development,growth and development of infants. Increasing dietary iron intake of infants and improving infantile dietary habits can improve infantile iron deficiency anemia.