不同施肥水平对3个甘蔗新品种农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of different fertilization levels on agronomic traits and yield of three new sugarcane varieties

探讨福农39号、粤糖60号和柳城05-136等甘蔗新品种的适宜施肥水平,以当前的施肥水平为基础,采用裂区区组田间设计,对每个品种设置低、中、高、极高肥4个施肥水平进行了1年新植和1年宿根试验。结果表明,新植蔗的萌芽出苗率随着施肥量的增加而降低,分蘖率、蔗茎伸长速率和茎径随着施肥量的增加而有增大的趋势,提高施肥水平对新植蔗的蔗茎产量和蔗糖分的提高无明显作用,甚至有所降低;宿根蔗的有效茎数和蔗茎产量随着施肥量的增加而增加。可见,新植蔗宜采用低肥(N 270 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5135 kg/hm^2、K_2O 270 kg/hm^2)方案,宿根蔗宜采用极高肥(N 540 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 270 kg/hm^2、K_2O 540 kg/hm^2)方案。

To study the proper fertilization levels for three new sugarcane varieties including Funong NO.39,YT NO.60 and Liucheng 05-136,low,medium,high and higher fertilization levels were set based on the present fertilizer level,and the split plot design was adopted in the experiment of planting cane and the first stubble cane. The results showed that,the germination rate of planting cane decreased with the increase of fertilization level,but the tillering rate,growth rate and stem diameter were tended to increase with the increase of fertilization level,while yield and sucrose content did not vary much,even decreased. For the first stubble cane,effective stalk number and yield obviously increased with the increase of fertilization level. The results indicate that the low fertilization level（N 270 kg/hm^2,P2O5135 kg/hm^2,K2O 270 kg/hm^2） is better for the planting cane,while the higher fertilization level（N 540 kg/hm2,P2O5 270 kg/hm^2,K2 O 540 kg/hm^2） is better for the first stubble cane.