凌乱人生与精神荒漠——论苏童的茅奖作品《黄雀记》

Messy Reality of Life and Spiritual Desert:Su Tong's Novel Canary in Mind

"蛇"和"仙女"是苏童小说《黄雀记》中的两个重要意象,阐释了处于"人生曲线"低谷中的底层小人物的凌乱人生和无爱的精神荒漠,刻画了他们需要承受的人生苦难和纯粹悲剧。《黄雀记》中一切都指向丢失的魂魄,苏童也尝试着通过宗教、回忆和捆绑的方式找魂,然而都不能解救那些失了魂的人,更不能救赎堕落失散了的人心。人们剩下的唯一出路便是逃避,但在逃避的道路上依然有许多如影随形难以摆脱的因素,这是曹禺式的宿命论和悲剧观。福柯在《疯癫与文明》中认为疯子是最正常的人,祖父以疯子的形象住进了井亭医院,反而更能看透现实和历史,在阐释荒诞的同时也揭示了最纯粹、最接近人性本质的内涵,具有深刻的现实批判力度。

Su Tong＇ s novel Canary in Mind, in which the ＂snake＂ and ＂Fairy＂ is the two important images, explains messy life and loveless spiritual desert in the bottom of ＂life curve＂, depicting the suffering life and tragedy of small potatoes. Su Tong tries to search for the lost soul through religion, memories and binding, but cannot save the lost-soul people, let alone save fallen lost heart. The only way out it remains is to eseape, but there are still many faetors of straining every nerve whieh are difficult to remove as the shadow follows, namely, Cao Yu＇ s fatalism and tragic views. Grandfather with deepening madness in Well Pavilion Hospital can see through the history and reality. As Foucanlt says in Madness and Civilization that madman is the most normal peo- ple, Su Tong in the novel interprets the absurdity, revealing the connotation of the purest, closest human nature, which has a pro- found realistie signifieanee.