中国北方地区墓道发展与墓葬建设关系研究——以高等级墓葬为例

The relationship between the development of tomb passage and tomb construction in northern China:With high-level tombs as an example

关于墓道功能的研究已有很多,但对于墓道发展与墓葬建设关系的研究却鲜有涉及。该文以北方地区高等级墓葬的墓道为研究对象,将主流墓道——长斜坡墓道的发展分为东汉以前的敞口式和北魏至宋前带天井的半券洞式两个阶段,旨在理清其在墓葬建设中的发展演变及作用。通过综合分析与古今对比,笔者认为长斜坡墓道的发展变化与墓葬建造技术有关,主要目的在于方便出土和墓壁减压,同时又具有一定的装饰和象征意义。

The function of tomb passage has long been the focus of the researchers, and few attention is given to the relationship between the development of the tomb passage and tomb construction. Taking high-level tombs in Northern China as an example, this paper divides the development of long slope ramp which is one of the mainstream tomb passage into two phrases, that is open-type tomb passage before the Eastern Hart Dynasty and half coupon hole-style with open yard from the Northern Wei to Song Dynasty, aiming to make clear its e- volution and its role in the construction of tombs. Through comprehensive analysis and comparison of ancient and modern tombs, the author suggests that the development of long slope ramp is related to construction tech- niques of tombs, and the main purpose is convenient excavation and Mubi decompression, and to some degree it has a decorative and symbolic meaning.