罗非鱼鱼鳞胶原寡肽制备

Preparation process of tilapia fish scale collagen oligopeptide

罗非鱼鱼鳞经水洗、酸浸、碱浸处理后,采用热水法提取胶原蛋白并对其进行酶解,以酶解液水解度为指标筛选适合的酶,研究酶添加量、酶解时间、底物浓度和酶解温度对水解度的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验优化鱼鳞胶原蛋白的酶解条件。实验结果表明:当酶添加量6 000 U/g、酶解时间8 h、底物浓度5%、酶解温度50℃时,鱼鳞胶原蛋白酶解液水解度最大,达到24.23%。此条件下制备的分子量小于1 000 Da胶原寡肽占82.40%。

Tilapia scale is one of the by- products of tilapia machining process. There are about 4 × 10^4 tons of tilapia scales every year around the whole world. Though the yield of tilapia scale is very considerable,it has not been fully utilized. Tilapia scale is a dominant raw material in extracting protein and it is conducive to the realization of the aim of turning waste into treasure.Enzymes are biological macromolecules having biocatalyst functions,which generally consist of amino acid,so most of them are protein essentially. Enzymes have some characters,such as high efficiency,specificity and instability. Therefore,different enzymes must be selected for specific raw material,the optimal hydrolysis conditions need to be researched. Enzyme dosage,hydrolysis time,substrate concentrations and hydrolysis temperature are the main factors which play important roles on hydrolysis effect.Collagen peptides emerging as a new functional protein ingredient were developing rapidly in domestic and abroad in recent years. In order to investigate the theory for deeper research of tilapia scale,the optimum extracting conditions of collagen peptides from tilapia scale were carefully and comprehensively studied in this paper. Scale was processed by washing,acid leaching,and alkaline leaching. Then collagen was extracted by using boiled water to incubate for 2 hours. Tilapia fish scale collagen protein was hydrolyzed by enzyme and hydrolysis degree of hydrolyzed liquid was detected. The optimal enzyme was selected in the norm of the hydrolysis degree of hydrolyzed liquid,and then the influences of enzyme dosage,hydrolysis time,substrate concentrations and hydrolysis temperature on hydrolysis degree were studied. Based on the single factor experiment results,orthogonal experiments were carried out to research the optimal hydrolysis conditions. The results showed that： in the conditions of enzyme dosage 6 000 U / g,hydrolysis time 8 h,substrate concentrations 5%, hydrolysis temperature 50℃, the hydrolysis degree of tilapia scale collagen protein peptides reached a maximum value,which was 24. 23%,and the molecular weight of the 82. 40% sample was less than 1 000 Da.