中国村落武术变迁的文化人类学分析——以湖南梅山武术为例

Cultural Anthropological Study on Transformation of Chinese Village Martial Arts

采用文化人类学的方法对梅山村落武术文化的传承与变迁进行研究,以此个案为基础,推演村落武术文化变迁的一般状况与规律。梅山村落武术文化的传承途径既具有乡土武术独特的神秘方式,也具有中国传统武术文化的若干显著特点;梅山村落武术文化的生存形态经历了初萌形态、发展形态、成熟形态三个阶段。中国村落武术文化在社会变迁中表现出调试性及创新性,在历史的进程中,社会生态的变迁是中国村落武术文化变迁的主导因素,民众文化主体需求的变迁则是中国村落武术文化变迁的根本动因。因此,中国村落武术文化发展出路在于与已经变化了的社会现实相适应并且积极创新,符合社会发展的需求,惟其如此,才能永葆生机。

A cultural anthropological study is conducted on the inheritance and transformation of village martial arts in Meis- han, and based on it a conclusion of the general situation and transformation pattern of village martial arts in China is arrived. Meishan village martial arts are inherited in a unique and mysterious way. They share the remarkable characteristics of traditional Chinese martial culture, and have reached maturity after constant development since its appearance. During the transition of socie- ty, Chinese village martial arts have gone through a series of adjustment, adaptation, and innovation. Changes in village martial arts are largely the result of development of social ecology, but the change of public needs is the root. Vitality and further develop- ment of Chinese village martial arts require their adaptation to the needs of society and their dedication to innovation.