剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的四种治疗方法的临床效果

Clinical comparison of four treatment methods for cesarean scar pregnancy

目的分析剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠的（CSP）4种治疗方法有效性及优缺点。方法回顾性分析我科2013年1月~2013年12月共收治的138例CSP患者的病例资料。该138例患者根据其治疗方法分为4组：药物保守（药物组,13例）,直接清宫（清宫组,80例）,双侧子宫动脉栓塞后清宫手术（栓塞组,40例）,剖腹或是经阴式手术行病灶清除术（手术组,5例）,比较各组患者治疗过程中出血量、出血量大于50 m L的患者所占比例、住院天数、住院费用。结果其中药物组、清宫组、栓塞组、手术组中患者的出血量中值分别为300、30、50、1500 m L;4组中出血量大于50 m L的患者所占的比例分别为76.9%、38.8%、27.5%、100%;4组住院天数中值为9、4、6、10 d,四组住院费用中值为12821.0、3843.5、14805.0、17202.2。各组以上数据组间比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论药物治疗出血多,累计住院时间及住院费用较高,不主张作为治疗首选;直接清宫手术,在CSP治疗方案中住院时间短、花费低,鼓励积极选择。子宫动脉栓塞治疗可以明显降低出血风险,但有一定并发症,且花费较高,慎重选择;手术治疗对于凶险性及孕周较大患者联合子宫动脉栓塞治疗可以增加保留子宫的几率。

Objective To explore the best approach to treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy（CSP）. Methods A total of 138 patients with CSP treated between January and December, 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated with conservative drug therapy, direct curettage, uterine curettage after embolization, or open or transvaginal surgery. The amount of blood loss, proportion of patients with blooding loss greater than 50 m L, hospitalization days, and hospitalization expenses were compared among the groups. Results The median volume of blood loss was 370 m L in the conservative treatment group,59 m L in direct curettage group, 67 m L in interventional therapy group, and 1425 m L in the surgical group, and the proportion of patients with blood loss over 50 m L was 76.9%, 38.8%, 27.5%, and 100% in the 4 groups, respectively. The midian hospital stay of the 4 groups was 9.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 10.0 days, with median hospitalization expenses of 12281.0, 3843.5, 14805.0, and17202.2 RMB Yuan, respectively. All these data were significantly different among the 4 groups（P〈0.05）. Conclusions Direct curettage surgery should be encouraged for treatment of CSP. Embolization therapy can reduce the risk of bleeding but is associated with potential complications and more costly, and should be performed with caution. Open or trasnvaginal surgery can be considered in difficult cases of CSP, and its combination with interventional therapy is an option to better preserving the uterus.