建构主义及其在博物馆教育中的应用

Constructivism and its application in museum education

建构主义是2 0 世纪8 0 年代末在西方兴起的-种教育理论,在9 0 年代中期达到鼎盛,对西方尤其是美国教育产生了巨大影响.2 0 世纪9 0 年代初,建构主义先后被中国教育界和博物馆界引进,对我国教育和博物馆产生了较大的影响.在对建构主义渊源、内涵及相关研究背景进行考察和梳理后,本文从建构主义博物馆、建构主义展览、建构主义教育活动三个方面探讨了国内外博物馆应用建构主义的实践,这些实践证明博物馆应用建构主义可以激发人们的学习积极性,培育创新精神,提升博物馆的教育功能,博物馆与建构主义可以很好地契合.

As a theory of education derived from west countries in the late 1980 s, constructivism reached its peak in the middle of 1990 s and had great influence on the education of west countries, particularly in the U.S.A. Constructivism was introduced successively by Chinese education and museum world in the early 1990 s, which had a great impact on Chinese education and museums. After investigation into the origin and relevant research background, the author discusses the practice of constructivism in Chinese and foreign museums from the aspects of constructivism museum, constructivism exhibition and constructivism education programs. These practices prove that constructivism can fit with museums, which stimulates the learning enthusiasm, cultivates the spirit of innovation and enhances the educational function of museums.