变应性皮肤病患者血清过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测

Detection of Serum Specific Immunoglolulin E in Patients With Allergic Dermatosis

目的分析变应性皮肤病患者对常见过敏原的过敏情况,为预防和治疗变应性皮肤病提供科学依据。方法采用酶联免疫捕获法定量检测511例变应性皮肤病患者血清中吸入物及食物过敏原特异性IgE抗体。结果在所有入选患者中,273例(53.42%)sIgE呈阳性。吸入组过敏原的阳性频率及sIgE含量的总体均值明显高于食物组过敏原(χ2=213.721,P<0.05;t=5.354,P<0.05);吸入组阳性较高的过敏原为艾蒿、树木组合、屋尘、粉尘螨和花粉组合;食物组阳性率较高者依次为牛奶、鸡蛋、西红柿、小麦面粉及大豆。艾蒿与树木组合的阳性率在三组疾病间具有显著性差异(χ2=13.244、9.020,P值均<0.05)。艾蒿、上皮组合、鸡蛋及牛奶在年龄≤14岁组的阳性率高于年龄>14岁组(χ2=4.295、10.576、4.312、14.993,P<0.05),而粉尘螨和虾在年龄≤14岁组的阳性率低于年龄>14岁组(χ2=5.990、5.141,P<0.05)。结论吸入组过敏原是变应性皮肤病的常见变应原,艾蒿和牛奶分别为吸入组和食物组的首要过敏原。

Objective To analyze the sensitization of common allergens in patients with allergic dermatosis and to provide scientific basis for preventing and treating the illnesses.Methods 511 patients were measured for inhalant and food allergen-specific IgE antibodies by serologic test with immunocapture methods.Results Of all the patients,273 people（53.42%）showed positive slgE.The airborne allergens had an obviously higher positive frequency and slgE levels than the food group（χ2=213.721,P〈0.05;t=5.354,P〈0.05）;Higher positive allergens of the former were mugwort,the mixture of trees,house dust,Dermatophagoides farinae and the mixture of pollens,while milk,eggs,tomato,wheat flour and soybean were the key food.The positive rates of mugwort and the combination of trees in3 groups of disease were extremely different（χ2=13.244,9.020,P〈0.05）.In the group in which the patients no older than 14 years,mugwort,the combination of epithelial,milk and eggs had higher positive rates than that in the group older than 14 years（χ2=4.295,10.576,4.312,14.993,P〈0.05）,while dust mites and shrimp showed lower positive rates in the group no older than 14 years than that in the group older than 14 years（χ2=5.990,5.141,P〈0.05）.Conclusion Inhalant allergens are common sensitizing agents in allergic dermatosis;mugwort and eggs are the chief airborne and food allergens respectively.