居家护理在肺泡蛋白沉积症患者中的应用效果

Effects of home care on patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

目的 探讨居家护理对肺泡蛋白沉积症患者出院后护理效果的分析. 方法 2012 年1月—2014年11月将24例肺泡蛋白沉积症患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各12例. 观察组实施出院后居家护理,包括健康教育、门诊复诊、电话随访和上门访视. 对照组出院时实施常规健康教育. 比较两组患者出院后第4,8,12周呼吸困难指数、6分钟步行试验、肺功能检查和体质量指数（ BMI）. 结果 居家护理干预第4,8,12周观察组患者的呼吸困难评分分别为（1. 31 ± 1. 07）,（1. 29 ± 0. 62）,（1. 21 ± 0. 83）分,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为6. 438,6. 897,8. 572;P〈0. 01）. 居家护理干预第4,8,12周观察组患者的6 min步行试验结果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ t值分别为3. 214,4. 316,5. 673;P〈0. 05）. 出院第12周时,观察组肺功能优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0. 05）. 两组患者BMI差异均无统计学意义（P〉0. 05）. 结论 实施居家护理可以提高肺泡蛋白沉积症患者的6分钟步行试验距离和肺功能,降低患者呼吸困难指数.

Objective To explore the effects of home care on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis patients. Methods The 24 cases of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis （ PAP） patients were divided into observation group and the control group on average. The patients of observation group received after discharge home care including health education, outpatient visits, telephone follow-up and on-site visits while the patients of control group had no this kind of interventions. Dyspnea index, six-minute walk test, pulmonary function tests and body mass index were compared between two groups after discharge. Results The dyspnea evaluation scores were （1. 31 ± 1. 07）, （1. 29 ± 0. 62） and （1. 21 ± 0. 83） at 4, 8,12 weeks after discharged in the observation group and all were better than that of the control group （t=6. 438, 6. 897, 8. 572;P〈0. 01）. Six-minute walk test scores of observation group outbalanced scores in the control group at 4, 8,12 weeks after discharged （t=3. 214, 4. 316, 5. 673;P〈0. 05）. At 12 weeks after discharged,lung function of observation group were better than that of the control group（P〈0. 05）. The BMI differences between the two groups were not statistically significant（P〉0. 05）. Conclusions The implementation of home care can improve the PAP patients′ six-minute walk test distance and lung function, and reduce the patients with dyspnea index.