对医学难以解释的躯体症状的现象学理解

A Phenomenological Understanding of Medically Unexplained Symptoms

医学难以解释的躯体症状(MUS)是一个常见的临床现象,在接诊MUS患者过程中的一个困难是医患沟通,医生难以理解和共情患者及其症状。这个困难部分可能来自于生物医学和还原论固有的瓶颈。本文试以现象学哲学为视角,提出人对自身躯体的感知和对世界的感知具有统一性,人存在于世界所必然会有的各种不适感在被医学术语考察后就成了"症状"。在到达自然医学的极限后,医生的一个职责是更好地、整体地理解患者,进而帮助患者理解症状、打断恶性循环。

Medically unexplained symptoms（MUS）is very common in clinical practice. Doctor-patient communication is often difficult in treating MUS patients. Doctors find it hard to understand and empathize with these patients and their symptoms. This is partly caused by the inherent restrictions of biomedical and reductionism presumptions. An effort is made in this article to understand MUS from a phenomenological and existential aspect. There is unification in the human perception of body and environment. All the necessary and unavoidable discomforts of human existence being in the world become ＂symptoms＂ after being examined with modern medical terminology. When facing patients with MUS, it is important for doctors to understand patient holistically and help patients understand their symptoms and break vicious circles of symptoms.