某轨道交通制造业慢性锰中毒发病及预后情况调查

Investigation on incidence and prognosis of chronic manganism in rail transportation manufacturing industry

目的了解轨道交通制造业电焊作业锰毒危害、与慢性锰中毒发病及预后的关系,为企业管理和防治策略的制定提供科学依据。方法回顾整理该企业现场监测、健康监护及慢性锰中毒发病等资料,并对锰中毒患者进行随访观察。结果多焊点作业锰毒超标率达43.27%,发病率达1.98%;慢性锰中毒平均发病工敛27.75±5.48)a;随访锰中毒15例,锥体外系症状无改善,脑电图初诊时9例异常、复诊为5例异常,呈好转趋势,肌电图初诊时7例异常、复诊为9例异常。结论轨道交通设备制造业锰毒危害较重,锰中毒发病仍较高,锰中毒中枢神经系统症状呈好转趋势,周围神经损害呈加重趋势,电焊作业锰毒治理仍需加强。

[Objective]To investigate the relationship of manganese poison hazards and the incidence,prognosis of chronic manganism in rail transportation manufacturing industry,provide a scientific basis for the establishment of enterprise management and control strategy.[Methods]The data of field monitoring,health care and chronic manganism cases were collected and analyzed,and the manganism patients were followed up.[Results]The exceeding standard rate of manganese poison concentration in multi-solder-joint operation reached 43.27%,and the incidence was 1.98%.The average working age of manganism onset was（27.75 ±5.48） years.In 15 manganism patients be followed up,and the extrapyramidal symptoms showed no change or an improved trend.The electroencephalogram was abnormal in 9 from 15 patients in their first visit while 5 patients from 15 patients in their further consultation.Meanwhile,there were 7 patients showed the abnormal electromyogram in their first visit while 9patients in their further consultation.[Conclusion]The manganese poison hazards are serious in rail transportation manufacturing industry,leading a high incidence of manganism.The poisoning symptoms of central nervous system show a trend of improving,while peripheral nervous injuries have become more serious.It is necessary to strengthen the control of manganese poison hazards in welding working environment.