北京市海淀区重金属企业职业人员对个体防护知识的认知及防护用品的使用情况

Awareness rate of personal protective knowledge and use status of protective equipments among workers in heavy metal enterprises of Haidian District in Beijing

目的通过了解北京市海淀区重金属企业的职业人员个体防护知识认知及防护用品使用管理情况,为预防职业病提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对海淀区所有重金属职业人员开展问卷调查。结果对"我国就个体防护用品的选择、使用是否有相关标准"的正确回答率为55.3%(176/318),对"个体防护用品的防护级别是越高越好吗"的正确回答率仅为23.6%(75/318),对"舒适度是否为防尘口罩的选用原则"的正确回答率为32.7%(104/318),对"接触汞、铬、铅等有毒有害作业人员应佩戴哪些防护用品"的正确回答率为46.5%(148/318)。重金属职业人员配备有劳动防护用品的有283人,占89.0%。在个体防护用品中,职业人员回答具有安全鉴定证书的有169人,占53.1%;回答有使用说明书的170人,占53.5%;认为所使用防护用品超过使用期限的有169人,占53.1%。结论应加强企业个体防护用品的监管力度,提高职业人员对相关职业病危害和防护的认知能力。

[Objective]To understand the awareness rate of personal protective knowledge and use status of protective equipments among workers in heavy metal enterprises of Haidian District in Beijing,provide the basis for preventing the occupational diseases.[Methods]The workers engaged in heavy metal industry of Haidian District were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire.[Results]55.3%（176/318） of respondents correctly answered the question of whether there are the national standard for the selection and use of individual protective equipment in China.The correct answer rate of the question that whether the higher level of individual protective equipment is better was only 23.6%（75/318）.32.7%（104/318） of respondents correctly answered the question of whether the comfort is the principle for selecting the dust mask.The correct answer rate of the question that which the protective equipment should be worn by workers exposed to mercury,chromium and lead was 46.5%（148/318）.283 workers were equipped with protective articles,accounting for 89.0%.As for the use status of protective equipments,169（53.1%） respondents answered that the equipments had the safety identification certificate,170（53.5%） answered that the equipments had the operating manual,and 169（53.1%） believed that the protective equipments which they were using were expired.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of individual protective equipments in enterprises,and improve the workers＇ cognitive ability for relevant occupational disease hazards and protection.