论方东树《书林扬觯》之“建白”

A Study of Fang Dongshu's Proposals in His On Book Writing

清代中叶汉宋并立,学术思想派系波澜涌动,桐城方东树激愤而著《汉学商兑》以卫宋学。稍后又撰《书林扬觯》,虽仍出以宋学视角,但摆脱了前书言辞偏激的缺陷。方东树在《书林扬觯》中针对当时学人轻易著书、著书贪多、矜名等流弊,提出著书须有宗旨、有实用、重修身明道等"建白",并借论语录著书与说部著书谈汉宋之学,一改激烈态度,重视汉宋融合,从中可以窥见清中叶学术思潮发展、衍变的轨迹。

In the middle Qing Dynasty when the scholarship was dynamic and evolving, pro-Han Confucianism and pro-Song Confucianism competed against each other. Fang Dongshu, an important scholar of the Tongcheng School, wrote Defending the Song Confucianism to be shortly followed by On Book Writing which is free from the former's radical diction though the pro-Song Confucianism perspective remains unchanged. In his On Book Writing, Fang, targeting his contemporary scholars' indiscretion in deciding to write a book, their focus on quantity, and wooing fame, proposes that a book should have a well-maintained purport, pragmatism and reflect the writer's inner cultivation. By virtue of quotation book writing and novel writing, he expresses his valuation of the integration of the pro-Han Confucianism and pro-Song Confucianism, which shows the evolution of the scholarship in the middle of Qing Dynasty.