蚕沙作为鹅饲粮的营养价值评定

Nutritional Values Evaluation of Silkworm Excrement Feed on Geese

本试验旨在评定蚕沙的营养价值及测定蚕沙在鹅中的代谢能和鹅对其营养物质利用率。选取健康、体重接近的60周龄扬州鹅公鹅18只,随机分为3组(试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组),每组6个重复,每个重复1只鹅。采用强饲的方法进行代谢试验,试验Ⅰ组强饲基础饲粮100 g,试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别强饲以蚕沙按20%和40%替代基础饲粮的试验饲粮100 g。蚕沙中营养物质的利用率采用二元一次联立方程组法求得。结果表明:1)蚕沙中的总能(GE)以及粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、总磷(TP)、钙(Ca)的含量分别为16.01 MJ/kg、17.64%、5.24%、17.85%、28.34%、19.76%、0.15%、3.00%;蚕沙中总氨基酸(TAA)量高达9.06%,多数氨基酸(AA)含量超过0.50%,其中天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、亮氨酸(Leu)和丙氨酸(Ala)含量分别为0.74%、1.41%、0.75%、0.77%和0.61%。2)蚕沙在鹅中的表观代谢能(AM E)、真代谢能(TME)分别为6.19、7.07 MJ/kg;鹅对蚕沙中CP、CF、ADF、NDF、TP和Ca的利用率分别为53.79%、9.55%、23.75%、34.03%、14.16%和25.97%;鹅对蚕沙中AA的利用率相对低些,其中精氨酸(Arg)、Glu、酪氨酸(Tyr)、半胱氨酸(Cys)和Leu的利用率分别为71.45%、65.10%、61.50%、59.96%和58.13%。由此可见,蚕沙的CP、EE、AA含量较高,矿物元素Ca、P含量丰富;代谢能与麸皮等常规饲料原料相近,但CP、EE、Ca、P和AA等营养成分利用率偏低。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of silkworm excrement and determine metabolizable energy（ ME） and major nutrient utilization of silkworm excrement for geese. Eighteen 60-weekold healthy male Yangzhou geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups（ group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ） with 6 replicates per group and 1 goose per replicate. The method of forced-feeding was used in this metabolism experiment. 100 g basal diet was forced fed in group Ⅰ,and 100 g diet which was form by substituting 20%,40% of the basal diet with silkworm excrement were forced fed in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,respectively. Method of quadric equations was used to obtain the utilization of nutrient of silkworm excrement.The results showed as follows： 1） gross energy（ GE） and the contents of crude protein（ CP）,ether extract（ EE）,crude fiber（ CF）,neutral detergent fiber（ NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ ADF）,total phosphorus（ TP）,calcium（ Ca） of silkworm excrement were 16. 01 MJ / kg,17. 64%,5. 24%,17. 85%,28. 34%,19. 76%,0.15% and 3. 00%,respectively. The content of total amino acid（ AA） of silkworm excrement was up to 9.06%,the contents of majority AA were more than 0. 50%,the contents of aspartate（ Asp）,glutamic（ Glu）,glycine（ Gly）,leucine（ Leu） and alanine（ Ala） were 0. 74%,1. 41%,0. 75%,0. 77% and 0. 61%,respectively. 2） The apparent metabolizable energy（ AME） and true metabolizable energy（ TME） of silkworm excrement were 6. 19 and 7. 07 MJ / kg,respectively. The utilizations of CP,CF,ADF,NDF,TP and Ca of silkworm excrement were 53. 79%,9. 55%,23. 75%,34. 03%,14. 16% and 25. 97%,respectively. Utilization of AA of silkworm excrement was relatively lower,utilizations of arginine（ Arg）,Glu,tyrosine（ Tyr）,cysteine（ Cys） and Leu were 71. 45%,65. 10%,61. 50%,59. 96% and 58. 13%,respectively. It is concluded that contents of CP,EE,AA of silkworm excrement are higher,contents of Ca,TP are rich. Metabolizable energy is fairly with other conventional feed ingredients,but utilizations of CP,EE,Ca,P and AA are lower.