椭圆轨道非合作目标交会接近策略与控制

Approach Planning and Control Method for Rendezvous with Non-cooperative Target in an Elliptical Orbit

文章研究了追踪航天器与失控旋转非合作目标航天器在椭圆轨道中的交会接近策略与控制。在接近策略方面,首先,根据目标航天器大致结构设定一个安全的停泊点,使追踪航天器交会至停泊点;其次,通过在停泊点对旋转目标航天器姿态的观测,分析和预测其运动并确定合适的抓捕点位置,设计安全的接近轨迹,使追踪航天器沿着该轨迹接近至理想的抓捕实施点位置。在控制方面,考虑实际系统中的不确定性,只利用两航天器之间相对位置的测量信息,设计基于特征模型的自适应控制方法实现交会接近。最后通过数学仿真模拟整个交会接近过程,验证了文中所提出的接近策略和控制方法。

The problems of approach planning and control method for rendezvous with an uncontrolled tumbling non-cooperative target in an elliptical orbit were studied. On the part of approach planning, the chaser and target spacecraft rendezvoused from a distance to a safe berth point, which was designed by considering the structure of the target spacecraft. After the observation at the berth point for a period of time, the grasp point was determined and the attitude motion of the target spacecraft can be predicted. Then, a safe approach trajectory from the berth point to the implement point for grasping was designed for tracking. On the part of control method, by using the measurements of the relative position and considering the uncertainties of the actual system, adaptive control laws based on the characteristic model were proposed for the whole rendezvous and approach process. Finally, an example was given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach planning and control method.