历史时期川西高原的民居形制及其成因

Patterns and Causes of Folk House in the Western Sichuan Plateau during the Historical Period

在文献考证和遗迹调查的基础上,对历史时期川西高原的民居形制进行了归纳和梳理,进而探寻影响川西民居演变的主要原因。研究认为:历史时期川西高原的民居可分为石室、板屋、土屋和帐房四类。在建筑材料、民居选址和民居形态上,川西高原的民居显著地受到自然地理环境的制约;出于生产生活的便利和在动荡社会环境中自保的需要,藏羌民居的防御形式和内部功能日渐趋同;不同社会文化力量,尤其表现为宗教信仰、思想观念等方面的差异,导致藏、羌、彝族民居逐渐渲染上个性的色彩,打上民族的烙印;最后,建筑形制自身的演变也会促使川西民居呈现出多样化的特点。

On basis of textual criticism and heritage survey, patterns of folk house were summa- rized and combed in the Western Sichuan Plateau during historical periods, and the main reasons for the evolution of the folk house were explored. Studies suggest that the folk houses were divided into stone houses, wooden houses, mud houses and tents in Western Sichuan. In building materials, resi- dential location and residential patterns, the folk houses in the Western Sichuan Plateau were signifi- cantly affected by the natural environment. For the convenience of production and living and the needs of self protection in the turbulent social environment, the forms of defense and internal function of the Zang and Qiang were highly similar. Different social and cultural forces, especially the impact of reli- gious beliefs, ideas, and other aspects, the folk houses of the Zang, Qiang, Yi were gradually infec- ted the personality color and national brand. Self evolution of building system also promoted western Sichuan residence diversification.