地名文化与边疆移民社会形态——以清至民国时期天山北麓地区为核心

Place Name Culture and Forms of Frontier Migrant Societies:Taking the Northern Foot of Tian Shan from the Qing Dynasty to the Period of the Republic of China as an Example

伴随着清至民国时期移民垦殖活动,天山北麓地区形成了大量汉语地名,其命名方法与结构上极具地域特征,蕴含着诸多的区域历史和文化的信息。通过分析这些汉语地名的类型特点和命名规律,探究区域内地名文化的形成与该区域内自然和人文因素之间的关系,可以认识到,从清中期直到民国末期,天山北麓地区的移民以祖籍地地缘关系进行组合,合作开垦、共同防卫,区域经济以农业种植经济为主,经济形式单一,社会文化水平落后,反映出该区域具有移民社会结构的典型特征和边疆特性,长期处于移民社会向定居社会的过渡形态中。

A large number of Chinese place names at the northern foot of Tian Shan came into be- ing along with reclamation activities performed by migrants from the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China. These names are full of regional characteristics in terms of the naming method and word formation and contain a lot of information about the regional culture. According to investigation of the relationship between formation of the place name culture in the region and natural 8〈 cultural factors of the region, we can see that, from the middle Qing Dynasty to the late period of the Republic of China, the migrants at the northern foot of Tian Shan combined based on the geographical relation- ship between their ancestral homes and performed cooperative reclamation and joint defense, and in the migration region, the economy was dominated by agricultural planting, the economic form was simplex, and the social and cultural level was backward, which denote that the region has typical structural characteristics of a migrant society and frontier features.