阴阳五行学说与肝脏象理论的三次变革

Evolution of Yin-yang and Five elements Theory and the Doctrine of Organ Manifestations

从历代主流意识形态出发,探讨主流意识形态对各时代阴阳五行学说与肝脏象理论的影响以及理论所产生的具体变化。汉唐时期,受经学"天人宇宙论"的影响,阴阳、五行指的是气,来源于天,阴阳五行学说属于气的运行模式;肝藏为少阳、木气化生,储藏少阳、木气,化生精气构成相同爪、目等结构与物质。宋明时期,在理学新宇宙图式影响下,阴阳指气,五行指质,生于太极,阴阳五行学说属于宇宙发生模式;肝为厥阴风木之气,内寄相火,相火疏泄男子精液出现。清末以后,受西学唯物辩证法与生物学等影响,阴阳、五行为事物与现象的属性,仅仅作为一种分析工具而非具体物质存在,此时,肝为功能系统,由木的特性推导肝主疏泄为核心功能,即肝气疏泄全身气机、防止郁滞的功能;由阴阳互根及物质与功能关系推导肝藏血为肝主疏泄的物质基础,并以肝体阴用阳概括。

The paper aims to find out the evolution of yin-yang and five elements theory and doctrine of organ manifestations under the influence of major thoughts in different ages.In Han and Tang dynasties,yin-yang and five elements were considered as qi,which came from nature.The theory of yin-yang and five elements is actually about the transformation of qi.Liver is the results of shaoyang and wood qi processes,and it stores them and then transfer them into four limbs and eyes and so on.In Tang and Song dynasties,it was believed that yin-yang is qi and five elements are its substances.They both generated from Taiji.The theory of yin-yang are the mechanism of how the universe formed.Liver is the reverting yin and wind and wood qi,which stores ministerial fire,and the flow of ministerial fire generates seminal fluid.After the late Qing dynasty,the theories were regarded as analytic devices to demonstrate diseases rather than some concrete substances.Liver is a functional body system that characterized by governing qi flow.To be specific,liver qi functions to control the flow of all kinds of qi in the body and to prevent stagnation.Also,it is believed that liver stores blood and governs qi flow,and it is a organ with yin nature but functions as a yang organ.