国家重点生态功能区土壤保持（英文）

Soil Conservation of National Key Ecological Function Areas

土壤侵蚀是生态环境恶化的重要因素,土壤保持是国家重点生态功能区的一项重要生态服务功能。本研究基于气候、地形、土壤和植被覆盖等空间数据,利用土壤通用流失方程,借助Arc GIS分析了我国25个国家重点生态功能区2010年的土壤侵蚀和土壤保持状况。结果表明:由重点生态功能区内植被覆盖和水土保持而产生的土壤保持效果显著,与潜在土壤侵蚀相比,现实土壤侵蚀的微度和轻度侵蚀区域面积增加了26.2%,强度到剧烈侵蚀区域面积减少了25.1%,且藏东南高原边缘森林生态功能区、川滇森林及生物多样性生态功能区、三峡库区水土保持生态功能区、海南岛中部山区热带雨林生态功能区和秦巴生物多样性生态功能区等南方生态功能区的土壤保持量最高;重点生态功能区内土壤各养分元素保持量与土壤保持量和土壤自身各养分元素含量有关,各土壤养分保持量由高到底的顺序为:土壤有机碳、土壤全钾、土壤全氮和土壤全磷,且以藏东南高原边缘森林生态功能区和川滇森林及生物多样性生态功能区各类土壤养分元素保持量最高。建议加强单位面积现实土壤侵蚀量较高区域的植被保护和管理,提高植被覆盖度和增强水土保持措施,从而增强土壤保持功能,减少土壤养分流失;同时巩固潜在土壤侵蚀量较高区域的植被保护和水土保持措施,防止土壤侵蚀恶化。

Soil erosion is a significant factor in the deterioration of the ecological environment and soil conservation is an important ecological service of National Key Ecological Function Areas in China. Here, climate, terrain, soil and vegetation cover, soil erosion and soil conservation spatial data in 25 National Key Ecological Function Areas in 2010 were analyzed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation by Arc GIS tool. We found that soil conservation effects due to vegetation cover and soil conservation measures are obvious and that micro and slight erosion areas in National Key Ecological Function Areas have increased by 26.2%. The area of intensive erosion decreased by 25.1%, and the soil conservation amount in southern National Key Ecological Function Areas is high. The conservation amount of soil nutrients within National Key Ecological Function Areas is related to amount of soil conservation and content of each nutrient element in soil. The sequence of nutrient conservation amounts from high to low is soil organic carbon, total K, total N and total P in soil. The conservation amount of various soil nutrient elements in the Alkin Grassland function area and Yunnan and Sichuan function area was highest. Based on our findings, we recommend the strengthening of vegetation protection and management in the areas with high per unit area soil erosion, enhancement of vegetation cover and improvement of soil conservation measures in order to improve soil conservation functions and reduce soil nutrient losses. Vegetation protection and soil conservation measures should be consolidated in the areas with high potential erosion to prevent further deterioration.