张元素诃子应用经验

The Medicine Terminalia Fruit Application Experience of Zhang Yuansu

易水学派鼻祖张元素在脏腑辨证、药物理论、制方理论等方面均有创新,对诸多药物有独到见解。对于诃子,认为气温味苦,主要作用是消痰下气,通利津液,可用治胸膈结气、大便秘涩等证,将诃子归入"湿化成"类,而当今常用的敛肺、涩肠作用反而应用较少;其弟子李东垣和王好古认为诃子苦重酸轻,苦重,泻气;酸轻,不能补肺,故嗽药中不用。其他医家对诃子的论述可概括为"兼具通、涩之用,生、煨功效有别",但中医对诃子的认识和应用,远不及藏医、蒙医深入、广泛。

Zhang Yuansu, the originator of Yasumizu School, makes innovation actions on syndrome differentiation of zang-fu viscera,medicine theory and prescription theory, and has a unique insight on many medicines. For medicine terminalia fruit, Zhang thinks that it tastes bitter, and the effect is eliminating phlegm and descending qi. Besides, through promoting fluid production, it can be used for curing chest and diaphragm disturbed by accumulating qi, constipation and other syndromes. Although medicine terminalia fruit is classified as ＂humidification＂, today’s common effect of astringing lung and intestine are seldom used. Li Donghuan and Wang Haogu who are his two disciples believe that medicine terminalia fruit has heavy bitter and light acid. Heavy bitter lead to purgative qi, and light acid cannot nourish lungs, so it cannot be used in cough medicine. Although other discussion of physicians on medicine terminalia fruit can be summarized as ＂ it has the effect of obstruction-removing and astringent, and the effect of raw and roasting are different＂. The Chinese physicians’ understanding and application of medicine terminalia fruit is far less than the physicians of Tibetan and Mongolian.