论无需法律的仲裁

On Arbitration without Judicial Support

仲裁首先是作为一种无需政府强制的纠纷解决机制而起源和存续的,它主要由声誉机制予以实施。无需司法支持的仲裁也不需要司法审查,且提供了逃离无效率法律的途径。市场竞争和声誉机制会迫使仲裁趋向效率和公正,产出有效率的程序与实体规则。仲裁法并非仲裁所必需,无需法律的仲裁能够为社会提供一种自发的、非暴力的、能够同法律相竞争的合作实施机制。此类仲裁的有效运作需要信息的自由流动及破除垄断。现代信息与组织技术的发展,为此类仲裁的有效运作保留甚至开拓了空间。在我国,政府应保障信息自由,放手市场供给仲裁,而非干预规制。既存仲裁机构则应利用现代信息与组织技术创设或加强声誉实施机制,而非过度依赖司法支持。

Arbitration first originated and persisted as a mechanism for dispute resolution that did not require government coercion. It was mainly implemented by a reputation mechanism. Arbitration without judicial support also does not need judicial review and provides a means to escape from inefficient laws. Market competition and reputation mechanism will push arbitration to be more efficient and impartial,producing efficient procedural and substantive rules. The arbitration law is not necessary for arbitration. Arbitration without law can provide the society with a spontaneous and non-violent cooperation enforcement mechanism that can compete with the law. The effective operation of such arbitration requires the free flow of information and the elimination of monopoly. The modern information and organization technology has reserved and even established a new space for the effective operation of such arbitration. In China,the government should guarantee the basic freedom of information and let go of the market supply for arbitration rather than intervention. The existing arbitration institutions should use modern information and organization technology to create or strengthen reputation enforcement mechanisms rather than rely too much on judicial support.