未成年人自主性辩护权行使问题研究

A Study on Juveniles’ Exercise of Autonomous Right of Defense

我国刑事司法程序对未成年人及其法定代理人间的关系缺乏明确规定,导致了未成年人如何行使自主性辩护权存疑,具体涉及被代理的未成年人范围、法定代理人代理权限、意见分歧的解决等方面。关于诉讼行为能力、民事行为能力、刑事责任能力、直接代理、间接代理等相关理论的交叉与冲突是问题的根源。未成年被追诉人具有相对刑事诉讼行为能力,其自主性辩护权不可以被代理行使。立法应当以诉讼监护制度替代法定代理制度,监护人在未成年人刑事案件中应当全程参与,与未成年被追诉人各自独立地行使辩护权,分歧意见的解决以有利于未成年人为原则。

China’s criminal justice procedure lacks clear regulations on the relationship between minors and their legal representatives,which leads to the doubts of minors on how to exercise their right to autonomous defense,specifically concerning the scope of minors being represented,the authority of legal representatives,and resolution of differences of opinion.The intersection and theoretical confusion on the concepts of litigation capacity,civil capacity,and criminal responsibility,combining with an insufficient understanding of direct agency and indirect agency is the root of the problem.Juvenile prosecutors have the ability to be relatively criminally litigated,and their right to defend their rights cannot be exercised by the legal representative.Legislation should replace the legal representation system with the litigation guardianship system.The guardian should participate in the criminal case of the minor,and exercise the right of defense independently with the juvenile prosecutor.The disagreement is resolved in the principle of favoring the minor.