天津市环境空气质量现状特征分析研究

Analysis on Ambient Air Quality Characteristics in Tianjin

利用天津市环境空气监测数据及相关资料,统计分析其环境空气质量状况。结果表明,2013年天津市环境空气质量达标率为40%,重度及以上污染日有49天,主要发生在冬季,超标日的首要污染物以细颗粒物、可吸入颗粒物和臭氧为主。在空气质量污染物构成中,细颗粒物占比为29.43%,其次为可吸入颗粒物占比22.18%,表明天津市大气污染以颗粒物为主。细颗粒物与可吸入颗粒物的月均浓度线性相关系数为0.918 4,占比为64%。除臭氧以外的五项主要污染物在冬季污染最重,夏季污染较轻,臭氧浓度变化与气温变化保持一致,夏季最高,冬季最低。在市域内,滨海新区、蓟县和西青空气质量较好,红桥、宁河和北辰空气质量较差;气态污染物比颗粒物的空间分布更受局地排放的影响,而颗粒物污染分布具有区域性趋势。

Based on ambient air quality continuous automated monitoring data and other information,this paper conducted a statistical analysis on the ambient air quality in Tianjin according to national air quality assessment standards.Results showed that the rate of reaching air quality standard was 40% in Tianjin in 2013,there were 49 days of severe and above pollution day and mainly occurred in the winter.The primary pollutants of polluted days were given priority to PM2.5,PM10 and O3.PM2.5 accounted for 29.43% in air pollutant composition,followed by PM10 accounted for 22.18%,The results showed that the particulate matter is the main pollutant of Tianjin air quality.The linear correlation coefficient is 0.9184 of PM2.5and PM10 monthly concentrations,and PM2.5 accounted for 64% of PM10.Except O3,other five major pollutants concentration were highest in winter and lowest in summer.As for O3 concentration variation were consistent with the environmental temperature changes,highest in summer and lowest in winter.In Tianjin area,the air quality is much better in Binhai,Jixian and Xiqing,and worse in Hongqiao,Ninghe and Beichen.The spatial distribution of gaseous pollutants were affected more than particulate matter by local emissions,and the later distribution showed more regional trend.