哈尔滨市雾霾天气成因及防控对策研究

Causes and Countermeasures for Hazy Weathers in Harbin

近两年哈尔滨连续出现重度污染或严重污染天气,大气污染已经明显引起了公共健康效应和经济损失,大气环境治理工作已到了刻不容缓的地步。对哈尔滨市大气环境质量概况、大气污染主要成因分析得出,大气细颗粒物主要来源于民用秸秆燃烧、工业、露天焚烧、道路交通、供暖、火电和非道路交通。其中,工业、民用秸秆燃烧、露天焚烧和供暖为最大污染来源。通过运用哈尔滨市大气环境容量的测算,计算得到现状污染源布局下的最大环境容量,燃煤、机动车尾气排放、扬尘这三种因素加重了哈尔滨市的大气污染,进而提出哈尔滨市大气污染防治对策,达到控制大气污染进一步加剧的可能性。

Harbin recorded continuous severe pollution for the last two years, while air pollution has affected public health and caused economic loss.It is urgent to improve atmospheric environmental governance.Through analysis on general situation and main cause of air pollution of atmospheric environment quality in Harbin city, it is concluded that atmospheric fine particles mainly comes from the civil straw burning, industry, open burning, road traffic, heating, thermal power, and the road traffic.Among them, in-dustrial, civil straw burning, open burning and heating are the biggest pollution source.By using the calculation of atmospheric en-vironmental capacity in Harbin, the biggest environmental capacity are calculated under the status of pollution sources distribution, coal, motor vehicle exhaust emissions, dust, the three factors of Harbin, adding to the air pollution.The paper puts forward coun-termeasures for prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in Harbin in a bid to control atmospheric pollution.