某医院医务人员职业暴露血源性病原体追踪研究

Tracking study on occupational exposure of medical staff to blood-borne pathogens in a hospital

目的追踪研究医务人员职业暴露血源性病原体后感染情况,提出预防对策。方法通过跟踪研究和血清学检测方法,对某医院医务人员血源性病原体职业暴露后感染情况及暴露危险因素进行分析与观察。结果共调查某医院发生血源性病原体职业暴露的35名医务人员,包括护士26人、医生4人和工勤人员5人。发生职业暴露构成比,护士占74.29%,医生占11.43%,工勤人员占14.29%。职业暴露方式主要是锐器伤,以针刺伤占多数,仅4人破损皮肤接触,所有人员均在暴露后做过紧急处置。职业暴露病原体中,乙型肝炎病毒占37.93%,梅毒螺旋体占31.03%,艾滋病病毒占17.24%,丙型肝炎病毒占6.90%。经追踪调查6个月,无一例发生暴露后感染。结论该医院医务人员职业暴露主要是护士,以针刺伤为主,所接触的4种血液传播性病原体未发生感染。

Objective To track occupational exposure of medical staff blood- borne pathogens infection,provide prevention countermeasures. Methods Tracking research and serological detection method were used to observe and analysis medical staff occupational exposure blood- borne pathogens infections and exposure risk factors in a hospital. Results 35 medical personnel with blood- borne pathogens occupational exposure,including 26 nurses,4 doctors and 5 workers,were investigated. The constituent ratios of occupational exposure of nurses,doctors and workers were 74. 29%,11. 43% and14. 29% respectively. The main reason of occupational exposure was pricking wound injuries,only 4 people had damaged skin contact,all staff did emergency disposal after exposure. Of occupational exposure pathogens,hepatitis B virus accounted for 37. 93%,treponema pallidum accounted for 31. 03%,HIV accounted for 17. 24%,hepatitis C virus（ HCV） accounts for6. 90%. By tracking survey for 6 months,no case occurred infection after exposure. Conclusion The mainly person of hospital medical staff occupational exposure are nurses,with pricking wound injuries. There are no infection occurs of the four types of blood transmitted pathogens.