粪肥类型影响苹果苗定植成活率因素初探

Study on the Factors Influencing the Survival Rate of Apple Sapling by Manure Types

以"嘎啦"/"SH38"/"山丁子"为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究了粪肥施用标准对苹果树苗定植成活率的影响,以期为不同类型粪肥的科学利用提供参考依据。结果表明:苹果树苗定植过程中,鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪、羊粪处理幼树成活率差异明显。等质量处理时,鸡粪处理死亡率最高,为75%,猪粪处理全部成活;等碳量处理时,鸡粪和羊粪处理死亡率最高,均为37.5%,牛粪处理全部成活;等养分(全氮)处理时,鸡粪处理的幼树全部死亡,牛粪处理全部成活。鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪、羊粪施入后明显影响土壤pH、电导率、水溶性钠和土壤碱解氮。4种类肥以不同标准投入土壤后,羊粪对土壤pH、土壤电导率和土壤水溶性钠离子含量的提高幅度最大,而鸡粪对土壤中碱解氮含量影响最大,显著高于牛粪、猪粪、羊粪处理。相关性分析表明,土壤碱解氮对苹果树苗定植死亡率影响最大,其次是土壤电导率,水溶性钠离子和土壤pH影响最小。因此,鸡粪处理土壤中高碱解氮含量是造成苹果树苗高死亡率的原因。

’Gala’/’SH38’/’Malus baccata Brokh’were adopted to study survival rate of transplanted apple sapling with applying different type of manures in order to provide reference for scientific utilization of nontype manure.The results showed that significant difference was existed among manure types on the survival rate of trees.Applied the same amount of manure at weight,the tree of mortality was the highest(75%)with chicken manure treatment,while all trees survived at pig manure treatment;at the equal carbon treatments,the chicken manure and sheep manure had the highest mortality rate of 37.5%,while all trees survived at cow manure treatment.When nitrogen quantity was the same,all trees died at chicken manure treatment,but trees survived at cow manure treatment.After chicken manure,cow manure,pig manure and sheep manure were applied into soil,the soil pH,electrical conductivity,water-soluble sodium and soil alkaline nitrogen were affected significantly.The highest increasing range of soil pH,electrical conductivity,water-soluble sodium were obtained with the sheep manure,while chicken manure treatment got the greatest effect on alkaline nitrogen content in soil than cow,pig,and sheep manure.The most important factor which influenced tree survival was the alkaline nitrogen content,and the electrical conductivity was another reason,but water-soluble sodium and soil pH had a little effect on tree survival.In conclusion,high alkaline nitrogen content in soil was the reason of the apple tree high mortality rate.