新疆梨树新病害梨锈病发生、流行规律及防治

Occurrence and Epidemic Regularity and Control of Pear Rust New Disease in Xinjiang

为掌握新疆梨新病害梨锈病的发生情况,以'贡梨'为试材,田间采用五点抽样法和随机区组排列方法,研究梨锈病在新疆特克斯县的发生情况、季节流行规律、发生气象因子和田间小区药剂试验。结果表明:梨锈病在特克斯县梨园病株率为100%、平均病叶率为70.91%、病叶平均病情指数为19.59。4月下旬至5月上旬在圆柏上产生冬孢子角,6月中旬为发病初期,6月下旬至7月上旬为发病高峰期;7月中下旬至8月上中旬停止侵染;8月下旬至10月上旬锈孢子迁移至圆柏上;10月中旬至翌年4月中旬在圆柏上越冬。4月至5月特克斯县平均最高气温18℃,降雨总量48 mm,符合梨锈病冬孢子角产生冬孢子的发病气象条件。5月下旬使用40%腈菌唑WP(商品名:信生)5 000倍液,可有效防治梨锈病的发生为害,安全性较好。

In order to master the occurrence of pear rust,a new pear disease in Xinjiang,an experiment was performed to investigate the occurrence,seasonal prevalence,meteorological factors and field plot experiment of pear rust in’Gongli’by using a five-point sampling method and a random area arrangement method in Tekes County,Xinjiang.The results showed that the incidence of pear rust,the average leaf disease rate and the average disease index of diseased leaves in a pear orchard of Tekes County were 100%,70.91%and 19.59 respectively.Winter spore horns of pear rust were produced on cypresses from late April to early May,the initial onset of pear rust was in mid-June,while the peak period of onset was from late June to early July.The infection stops around mid-late July to mid-early August.Spores of pear rust migrate to cypresses from late August to early October and live through the winter on cypresses from mid-October to mid-April next year.The average of maximum temperature from April to May in Tekes county was 18℃,and the total rainfall was 48 mm.These conditions meet the meteorological needs for winter spore horn of pear rust to produce new spores.In late May,the stem and leaf were treated with 40%trimethazole WP(trade name:Xinsheng)5 000 times solution,which could prevent the occurrence of pear rust effectively and safely.