从“历史科学”到“政治科学”——关于拓展马克思主义中国化研究主题的思考

From Historical Studies to Political Science:On Varying the Subject Matters to Adapt Marxism to China Conditions

"古今中西之争"的焦点是如何应对中西文化相遇之后的观念冲击,以确定本国的历史方位,进而寻求后来居上的可能途径。在"进化论"的思想氛围中进入中国的马克思主义,通过"唯物辩证法"的阐发,较为成功地将"古今中西之争"转化为"唯物史观"与"阶级斗争"之间的互动关系问题,进而转化为马克思主义中国化的必然性问题。不过,只有在划清了马克思的唯物辩证法与黑格尔辩证法之间的边界之后,才能揭示出马克思主义的"历史科学"实质及其方法论特征并为马克思主义中国化研究主题的当代发展确立方向;而从现实的"政治生活"出发,将马克思"历史科学"拓展到"政治科学",理应成为马克思主义中国化研究的当代主题。

When confronted with cultural conflicts,the preference of the traditional culture to the modern one,and of Chinese culture to the Western one is,in reality,an endeavor to get China respectfully-positioned in world history,and to catch up with hopefully the most developed countries.With evolutionism as its backdrop,Marxism turned the'preference'issue into what deals with the relation between the historical materialism and class struggle after its successful introduction into China;and Marxist materialistic dialectics provides the possibility to keep the tension between the two and get them innovated.We can neither understand,historically and logically,why Marxism has been oriented locally in China,nor set up a clear goal for such a study,until a distinction has been made between Hegelian and materialistic dialectics,and an approach to Marxist historical theory has been found.It thus must be the main topic of present research for Marxist philosophy in its adaptation to China conditions to expand its materialistic historical studies from a political science,which is realistic,academic and ideological.