新疆焉耆盆地种子植物区系特征分析

Analysis of the Floristic Characteristics of Seed Plants in Yanqi Basin,Xinjiang

焉耆盆地位于新疆天山中段南麓,在植被地理区划上属于新疆暖温带灌木、半灌木荒漠区,其独特的自然地理位置和生态环境孕育了较为丰富的植物资源,研究其种子植物区系多样性分布特点对该区植物资源保护及可持续开发利用具有极其重要的意义。本研究通过野外实地调查及查阅相关文献资料,对新疆焉耆盆地的种子植物区系分布特点进行了系统分析。结果显示,该区种子植物约有1035种,隶属于80科373属,其中新疆特有种有38种,占新疆特有种总种数的14.18%。区系地理成分中,在科级水平上,焉耆盆地种子植物80科可划分为6个分布区类型和7个变型,并以温带地理成分为主(共有22个科),占该区非世界分布科总科数的57.89%;在属级水平上,焉耆盆地种子植物373属可划分为12个分布区类型和17个变型,并以温带地理成分为主(共197属),占非世界分布属总属数的62.54%。焉耆盆地种子植物生活型中,草本植物占优势,共有901种,占该区种子植物总种数的87.05%;灌木有110种(占10.63%),乔木17种(占1.64%),藤本7种(占0.68%)。焉耆盆地种子植物生态类型中,中生类型676种,占该区种子植物总种数的65.31%;旱生类型有191种(占18.45%),湿生类型123种(占11.88%),水生类型45种(占4.35%)。

Yanqi Basin is located in the middle of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. In terms of geographical division, the vegetation in this region belongs to the warm temperate shrub and subshrub desert area of Xinjiang. The unique natural geographical location and ecological environment of this region have led to abundant plant species. Studies on the distribution and diversity of the flora in Yanqi Basin are very important for the use, sustainable development and protection of plants in this region. Based on field studies and relevant literature, the diversity and flora of seed plants in Yanqi Basin were systematically analyzed. Results showed there were approximately 1035 species of seed plants belonging to 80 families and 373 genera in Yanqi Basin. Among these, 38 species were endemic to this region, accounting for 14.18% of total endemic species in Xinjiang. The 80 seed plant families could be divided into six types and seven subtypes. North temperate elements （22 families） were dominant in family floristic composition, accounting for 57.89% of total non-cosmopolitan families. In terms of the floristic geographical distribution type, 373 genera of seed plantscould be divided into 12 types and 17 subtypes, with temperate elements （197 genera） accounting for 62.54% of total non-cosmopolitan genera. Herbaceous seed plants （901 in total） were the dominant type in Yanqi Basin, accounting for 87.05% of total seed plant species in this region. There were 110 shrub species （10.63%）, 17 tree species （1.64%） and seven vine species （0.68%）. In terms of the ecological types of seed plants in Yanqi Basin, there were 676 mesad species, 191 siccocolous species, 123 hygrophyte species and 45 aquatic species, accounting for 65.31%, 18.45%, 11.88% and 4.35% of total seed plants in this region, respectively.