泌乳素及其受体在阴茎勃起和射精中作用机制的研究进展

Action mechanisms of prolactin and its receptors on penile erection and ejaculation

泌乳素是一种主要作用于生殖系统的多肽类激素,在阴茎勃起和射精过程中起重要作用。泌乳素受体除了经典的长受体外,还包括多种类型的短受体,这些受体在男性内生殖腺体中广泛分布和表达。血清泌乳素水平的升高可抑制勃起,并可导致继发性男性不育,这主要与下丘脑内侧视神经区的多巴胺能神经元受到抑制、睾酮的降低以及阴茎平滑肌细胞的收缩有关。此外,泌乳素水平低下也可导致射精功能下降。本文对泌乳素受体在男性生殖系统的表达、泌乳素对勃起和射精功能的影响及其作用机制的研究进展作一综述。

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone which mainly acts on the reproductive system and plays an important role in penile erection and ejaculation. Prolactin receptors have a variety of short forms apart from the classic long form,which are widely expressed in male reproductive glands. High levels of prolactin can induce erectile dysfunction and results in secondary male infertility,which are mainly associated with the inhibition of dopaminergic activity,reduction of the testosterone level,and contraction of the cavernous smooth muscle. Moreover,low levels of prolactin can result in ejaculatory dysfunction. This article updates the views on the expressions of prolactin receptors in the male reproductive system,the effects of prolactin on penile erection and ejaculation,and its action mechanisms.