农村基础设施对农业生产率的影响:基于要素投入的视角

The influence of rural infrastructure on agricultural productivity:A view based on factor input

首先,基于超越对数成本函数和1995-2011年中国省级面板数据,分析灌溉设施、农村公路对农业生产中劳动力、固定资本的替代效应或互补效应;其次,采用增长核算方法将农业全要素生产力(TFP)分解为技术进步、规模经济、灌溉设施的贡献率、农村公路的贡献率四个部分,测算灌溉设施、农村公路对农业生产率的影响.研究结果表明:灌溉设施、农村公路对劳动力具有互补效应,对固定资本具有替代效应,这两种基础设施能够降低农业生产成本;灌溉设施和农村公路促进了农业生产率增长,且灌溉设施的作用较大.因此,加强灌溉设施、农村公路的建设有利于夯实农业发展的基础,优化农业生产中要素投入结构,提高农业TFP.

In this study, we examine the substitution effect or complementary effect of rural infrastructure, including irrigation facility and rural road on labor force and fixed capital during agricultural production, by applying translog cost-based model and China＇s provincial panel data of 1995 to 2011, and decompose agricultural total factor productivity （TFP） growth into four parts of the impacts of technological change, scale economies, the contribution rate of irrigation facility and the contribution rate of rural road, so as to estimate the impacts of irrigation facility and rural road on agricultural productivity. The research results indicate that irrigation facility and rural road are complement and substitute for labor force and fixed capital separately. The infrastructure have positive effects on China＇s agricultural cost saving and produc- tivity growth, and irrigation facility＇s contributed much more than rural road. These results suggest that the construction of irrigation facility and rural road will advantage the sound development of agriculture, optimize structure of factor inputs and improve agricultural TFP.