镍–二氧化锆复合电沉积工艺优化及其对钢表面的毛化效果

Optimization of nickel–zirconia composite electrodeposition and its roughening effect for steel surface

在钢试片上复合电沉积Ni–ZrO_2,使微米级的ZrO_2颗粒镶嵌在镍镀层中而形成具有一定粗糙度的表面。通过正交试验研究了NiSO_4·6H_2O、ZrO_2和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）添加量,电流密度和温度对Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层耐蚀性、显微硬度和粗糙度的影响。结果表明,电流密度对镀层耐蚀性的影响最大,温度对镀层粗糙度的影响最大。综合考虑Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层的显微硬度、耐蚀性和粗糙度3个指标,得到复合电沉积Ni–ZrO_2的最优工艺为：NiSO_4·6H_2O 280 g/L,NiC_（12）·6H_2O 30~60 g/L,H_3BO_3 30~40 g/L,ZrO_2 30 g/L,SDS 120 mg/L,1,4-丁炔二醇和糖精适量,电流密度3 A/dm2,温度45°C。在最优工艺条件下,Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层的耐蚀性最好,显微硬度为587.3 HV,粗糙度为14.327 4μm,比钢试片高一个数量级左右。

The electrodeposition of Ni-ZrO2 composite was carried out on steel sheet, in which the ZrO2 micro-particles were embedded in nickel deposit to form a rough surface. The effects of the dosages of NiSO4·6H2O, ZrO2, and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）, current density, and temperature on the corrosion resistance, microhardness, and roughness of Ni-ZrO2 composite coating were studied. It was found that the current density has the greatest effect on the composite coating＇s corrosion resistance, and so do the temperature on the composite coating＇s roughness. The optimal process conditions for Ni-ZrO2 composite electrodeposition were obtained by taking full account of the three indexes including microhardness, corrosion resistance, and roughness as follows： NiSO4·6H2O 280 g/L, NiCl2·6H2O 30-60 g/L, H3BO3 30-40 g/L, ZrO2 30 g/L, SDS 120 mg/L, suitable amounts of 1,4-butynediol and saccharin, current density 3 A/dm2, and temperature 45 ℃. The Ni-ZrO2 composite coating obtained under the optimal conditions features the best corrosion resistance, a microhardness of 587.3 HV, and a roughness of 14.327 4μm which is an order of magnitude higer than that of steel sheet.