食用菌制全降解包装材料的研究

Preparation of a Fully Degraded Packaging Material by Using the Mushroom Cultivation Technology

为了解决不可降解的废弃塑料类包装材料对环境的污染,以秸秆和木屑为主要原料,利用食用菌栽培技术制备了一种新型的、可完全降解的包装材料。采用对比实验的方法,研究了不同原料配比对菌丝生长情况的影响,结果表明,在秸秆57%、木屑30%、麸皮10%、石膏1%、石灰2%的配比下,选用平菇菌种栽培的培养基菌丝体含量最多,紧实度最好。通过材料的防水性能测试和缓冲性能比较,表明该生物质材料完全可以替代EPS(发泡聚苯乙烯)和EPE(发泡聚乙烯)等包装材料。同时,该生物质材料在土壤中可实现完全降解,为土壤提供有机肥料。

In order to diminish the contamination of non - degradable plastic packaging waste on the environment, the straw and wood chips was used as the main raw materials, aided by mushroom cultivation technology, a new type of packaging material which can be completely degraded and is pollution free and cost -effective, was produced. The manufacturing method is simple and suitable for industrialized production. In this experiment, comparison methods are used to study the effect of different ratio of raw materials on my- celial$ growth. The result shows that in the ratio of 57% straw, 30% wood chips, 10% wheat bran, 1% gypsum and 2% lime, the mycelium cultivated by pure culture of pleurotus ostreatus is most abundant and has best firmness. By waterproof test and comparing the cushioning property of the materials, we find that the biomass material can totally replace EPS （expanded polystyrene）, EPE （expanded polyethylene） and other packaging materials. Meanwhile, the biomass material can be fully degraded in the soil and provide organic fertilizer for soil.