2010年至2011年我国平原与高原地区成人踝关节损伤的流行病学对比研究

Epidemiological comparison of adult malleolar injuries between plain and plateau areas in China from 2010 through 2011

目的对比分析我国平原与高原地区成人踝关节损伤的流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2011年12月我国平原4所医院与高原6所医院诊治的成人踝关节损伤患者资料，记录患者的性别、年龄和损伤AO分型等数据。将平原地区4所医院的患者资料定为A组，高原地区6所医院的患者资料定为B组，对比分析两组患者的一般资料。结果共收集4234例成人踝关节损伤，男女比为1．73：1；损伤高发年龄段为21—30岁（21．97％）；44．A型损伤1772例（41．85％），44．B型损伤1600例（37．79％），44．C型损伤862例（20．36％）。A组2500例，男女比为1．59：1；B组1734例，男女比为1．95：1；两组患者性别构成比比较差异有统计学意义（r=9．534，P=0．002）。A组患者平均年龄（42．0岁）大于B组（38．8岁），差异有统计学意义（z=-6．532，P=0．000）。A组损伤高发年龄段为21—30岁（21．24％），B组为21—30岁（23．01％）和31～40岁（23．01％）。两组患者损伤高发类型均为44-A型，构成比分别为42．76％和40．54％。两组患者年龄段分布和损伤AO分型分布比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论成人踝关节损伤高发年龄为21-30岁，高发类型为44-A型，男性多于女性。平原地区女性患者比例、平均年龄和44-B型损伤构成比高于高原地区。

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics of aduh malleolar injuries between the plain and plateau areas in China from 2010 through 2011. Methods The data of adult malleolar injuries treated between January 2010 and December 2011 at 4 plain hospitals and 6 plateau ones were analyzed retrospectively. The patients＇ gender, age and type of AO classification were documented. The data from the 4 plain hospitals were classified as group A while the data from the 6 plateau ones as group B. Comparisons were made between the 2 groups to find out the general epidemiological characteristics. Results A total of 4,234 adult malleolar injuries were collected. The total male/female ratio was 1.73： 1. The adult malleolar injuries predominated in an age range from 21 to 30 years （21.97%）. There were 1,772 cases （41.85%） of type 44-A, 1,600 ones （37.79%） of type 44-B and 862 ones （20. 36% ） of type 44-C. The male/female ratio was 1.59：1 in group A of 2, 500 patients and 1.95：1 in group B of 1,734 patients, showing a significant difference between groups （X2 =9. 534, P =0. 002）. The mean age of group A （42.0 years） was significantly older than that of group B （38.8 years） （ Z = - 6. 532, P = 0. 000） . The injuries predominated in the age range from 21 to 30 years （21.24%） in group A, and in the age ranges from 21 to 30 and from 31 to 40 years （23.01%） in group B. The high-risk type was 44-A in both groups, accounting for 42. 76% and 40. 54% respectively. The differences in age distribution and AO type distribution were statistically significant between the 2 groups （ P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusions The peak age of aduh malleolar injuries was from 21 to 30 years, the high-risk type was 44-A and there were more male patients than female ones. As far as adult malleolar injuries in China from Z010 through 2011 were concerned, the proportion of ferule patients, mean age and proportion of 44-B type in the plain area were higher than those in the plateau area.