空中交通管制员职业紧张与职业倦怠关系研究

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Occupational Burnout in Air Traffic Controllers

[目的]探讨空中交通管制员职业紧张与职业倦怠的关系。[方法]采用整群抽样的方法,以某空中交通管理局的577名空中交通管制员为调查对象,采用工作内容问卷(JCQ)和付出-回报失衡问卷(ERI)进行职业紧张程度调查,采用职业倦怠通用量表(MBI-GS)测量其职业倦怠程度。回收完整问卷489份,有效率84.75%。[结果]JCQ和ERI问卷结果显示,存在职业紧张的空中交通管制员在职业倦怠三个维度的得分均高于无职业紧张者(均P<0.05)。根据JCQ和ERI问卷所得职业紧张水平与职业倦怠程度均呈正相关(r_s=0.15,P<0.05;r_s=0.44,P<0.05);内在付出与职业倦怠呈正相关(r_s=0.39,P<0.05);而社会支持与职业倦怠呈负相关(rs=-0.28,P<0.05)。有序logistic回归分析显示,ERI问卷结果职业紧张和内在付出是职业倦怠的危险因素,其OR值为4.64和1.39(均P<0.05)。[结论]空中交通管制员职业紧张与职业倦怠之间存在相关性,存在职业紧张的管制员其职业倦怠感更强。

[Objective] To assess the relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout in air traffic controllers. [Methods] By cluster sampling, 577 air traffic controllers from an air traffic management bureau were enrolled as study participants. Occupational stress was measured by Job Content Questionnaire（JCQ） and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire（ERI）. Occupational burnout was measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey（MBI-GS）. There were 489 complete questionnaires, and the valid rate was 84.75%. [Results] The results of JCQ and ERI showed that the scores of three occupational stress dimensions in the air traffic controllers with occupational stress were higher than the scores in those without（all P〈 0.05）. The levels of occupational stress by JCQ and ERI and the level of occupational burnout were positively correlated（for JCQ, rs=0.15, P〈 0.05; for ERI, rs=0.44, P〈 0.05）; intrinsic effort and occupational burnout were positively correlated（rs=0.39, P〈 0.05）; however, social support was negatively related to occupational burnout（rs=-0.28, P〈 0.05）. The results of ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that occupational stress by ERI and intrinsic effort were the risk factors for occupational burnout（OR=4.64 and 1.39）（both P〈 0.05）. [Conclusion] There is a correlation between occupational stress and occupational burnout in the air traffic controllers. Stronger occupational stress is associated with increased job burnout.