工作场所欺凌：商务企业与卫生事业单位员工的比较

Workplace Bullying: Comparison between Staff of Commercial Enterprises and Health Service Institutes

[目的]了解商务企业与卫生事业单位员工工作场所欺凌的现况,并比较二者差异。[方法]选择上海某区2座商务楼企业员工847人及社区卫生服务中心员工146人进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括基本信息、工作特征及工作场所欺凌情况等。工作场所欺凌采用自我标签法和行为测量法测量:前一方法在给出定义的基础上,测量受试者近6个月遭受工作场所欺凌的主观认知;后一方法运用负性行为问卷-修订版问卷(NAQ-R)测量受试者近6个月内遭受负性行为的频率。[结果]两类人群分别回收有效问卷397份(46.87%)、89份(60.96%)。NAQ-R在本调查中的Cronbach’α系数分别为0.978、0.965;NAQ-R总分与自我标签法得分的相关系数为0.494(P<0.001)。自我标签法测得两类人群工作场所欺凌率分别为23.0%、14.6%;NAQ-R测得工作场所欺凌率分别为13.1%、5.6%。商务企业单位工作场所欺凌率高于卫生事业单位(P<0.001)。[结论]商务企业员工的工作场所欺凌问题较卫生事业单位严重。

[Objective] To assess and compare the prevalence of workplace bullying among staff of commercial enterprises and health service institutes. [Methods]A total of 847 employees in two commercial buildings and 146 employees at one community health service center were invited to a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained general demographic information, job characteristics, and workplace bullying. Workplace bullying was assessed by self-labeling method（participants were given a single-item question that whether or not they had been bullied within recent 6 months） and by behavioral experience method using Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised（NAQ-R）（participants were asked to report how frequently they had been exposed to various behaviors listed in the inventory within recent 6 months）. [Results] Totally 397（46.87%） and 89（60.96%） valid copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the two populations respectively. The Cronbach＇s alpha coefficients of NAQ-R were 0.978 and 0.965 respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the total NAQ-R score and the self-labeling score was r=0.494（P 〈0.001）. Regarding workplace bullying, 23.0% and 14.6% of the employees reported being exposed to bullying in the commercial buildings and the community health service center respectively. According to the NAQ-R, however, the prevalence of bullying in the commercial buildings（13.1%） was higher than that in the health service center（5.6%）（P 〈0.001）. [Conclusion] More serious workplace bullying problems are found in the commercial enterprises than in the health service institutes.