明清时期西方汉语语法研究的历史

A History of Chinese Grammar Studies by Western Scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期西方来华传教士和汉学家以拉丁语法体系为参照,对汉语语法进行了系统描写。其研究成果可以分为天主教、欧洲本土汉学家、新教三种类型,三者既有共性,又有各自的鲜明特征。他们的研究在模仿的基础上完成了汉语语法体系的草创,以及对汉语特性的深入思考。对这一段学科史的系统梳理既能补充汉语语法学史的空白,也能为现代汉语语法带来启示,同时这些文本也具有重要的语言史料价值。

In Ming and Qing Dynasties, western missionaries and sinologists systematically described Chinese grammar on the basis of imitation to Latin grammar. Their Chinese grammar studies, covering about 200 years, can be classified into three major types, namely the Catholic type, the European sinologist type, and the protestant type. The three types share much in common, but keep their distinctions as well. These studies, on the one hand initiated systematic descriptions to Chinese grammar; on the other hand they contained deep thoughts on the specialties of Chinese language.Study of this history can not only fill in the blank of the history of Chinese grammar studies, but also bring lessons to today＇s Chinese grammar studies. Moreover, these grammar texts can also be used as materials for the study of the history of the Chinese language（s）.