俄汉语“越X,越Y”句的构式标记比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Typical Constructional Marks of the Sentence Pattern the more X…, the more Y… in Russian and Chinese

句式чем…,тем...和"越X,越Y"是俄汉语中常见又常用的条件倚变句式。它们在结构、标记、意义和用法上,既有共性,又有个性。在共性上,它们的各部分之间形成对比变化关系,相互依存,共同进退,俄语称之为"比例相关性"(пропорциональноесоответствие),汉语称作"条件倚变"关系。它们的个性则以其特有而鲜明的句子构式标记为标志,如汉语"越"及其变体"越是"、"越来越",以及同义形式"愈"、"愈是"等;俄语则为чем,тем,变体всё+比较级形式或描写性动词,以及что...то...等。这些差异在实际使用中形成频率差,不易把握,需要进行系统而细致的对比分析。本文拟通过对俄汉"越X,越Y"的结构格式、典型的构式标记及其例证的分析,努力理清чем…,тем...句式和"越X,越Y"句式各自的构式特点和成句规律。

Sentence patterns like＂чем…, тем...＂（the more X…, the more Y…） in Russian and＂越 X,越 Y＂（the more X …, the more Y …） in Chinese are frequently used in both languages, within which one condition will change in accordance with the other. They share something in common while have their unique features in their structure, mark,meaning, and usage. As to their similarities, one part of the sentence would change in accordance with the other part,with both parts mutually depending on each other. This phenomenon is named ＂proportional correlation＂（пропорциональное соответствие in Russian）, and ＂changing according to the condition＂（条件倚变）. On the other hand, their unique features can be marked by their special construction of sentence structure. For instance, in Chinese,there are＂Yue＂（＂越＂, which means＂more＂） and its variants＂Yueshi＂（＂越是＂,which also means＂more＂）,＂Yue lai yue＂（＂越来越＂, which means＂more and more…＂）, and its synonyms＂Yu＂（＂愈＂）,＂Yu shi＂（愈是）, etc. In Russian,examples like＂чем, тем＂, whose variants are are всё＋ in its comparative form or as descriptive verb, and＂ что... то＂...,and so on. These differences can lead to their different frequency in use, which is hard to grasp, and thus needs to be systematically and carefully analyzed. This paper aims to discuss the sentence structure, typical constructional mark,through analyzing examples of ＂the more X…the more Y…＂（＂越 X,越 Y） in Chinese and Russian, so that their own features of construction and syntactical regulations can be clarified.