《老人与海》中人地位的生态伦理阐释

Ecological Ethics Interpretation of Man's Status in “The Old Man and the Sea”

通过对《老人与海》中老人海上捕鱼生活的回顾及反思的具体分析,指出生态批评的提出与后续推进必须考虑人的正当需求,忽视人的发展谈生态批评是伪生态的表现,同时指出《老人与海》仅体现生态批评的前奏。作品中对人与自然、人与人、人与自我之间关系的揭示仅是处于生存危机前期的人类反思,即生态批评视野下的人必须学会尊重其他物种的发展需求,努力与它们友好相处。从老人的情况看,他的反思并没有为人与自然关系的改进提供更大空间,仍执着于人类利益的满足与实现。但《老人与海》预示了生态批评的到来,就此而论,它同样不失一部伟大的作品。

By detailed analyzing the old man＇s review and reflection on sea fishing life in ＂The Old Man and the Sea＂, the article puts forward that the proposal of eco-criticism and the subsequent advance must take man＇s proper needs into consideration and eco-criticism of neglecting to discuss man＇s development is pseudo-ecological performance. The article also points out that ＂The Old Man and the Sea＂ only reflects the prelude of ecological criticism. For in the work, the revelation of relations between man and nature, man and man, and man and himself is merely human reflection in their early survival crisis, that is, in perspective of ecological criticism, people must learn to respect the development needs of other species and make great effort to live harmoniously together. From the situation of the old man, his reflection did not provide more space for human＇s improving relationship with nature, still clinging to human interests＇ satisfaction and realization. But ＂The Old Man and the Sea＂ foreshadows the arrival of eco-criticism, from this point of view, it is a great work.