冷战后美国的拉美一体化战略--霸权利益的视角

The U.S.Strategy Towards Latin American Integration in the Post-Cold War Era from the Perspective of Hegemonic Interests

冷战后的拉美地区一体化进程包括占主流地位、中间立场的南方共同市场、南美洲国家联盟、拉美及加勒比国家共同体,开放程度较高、立场偏右的太平洋联盟以及反美色彩浓厚的美洲玻利瓦尔联盟。从维护霸权利益的目的出发,冷战后美国除了直接参与跨地区的一体化进程外,对不同的拉美本地区一体化进程采取了不同的态度。美国力图建设美洲自由贸易区,将其作为美国霸权制度地位的基础之一,但是没有能够成功。美国还通过建设跨太平洋伙伴关系、签订双边贸易协定、利用拉美国家内部矛盾等手段,力图削弱拉美国家旨在联合独立的地区和次地区一体化进程。北美自由贸易区、双边自由贸易协定和跨太平洋伙伴关系的推动,都属于美国的跨地区一体化战略,削弱和分裂了拉美国家,加强了美国主导的地区制度体系以及全球制度体系,也有利于增强美国的实力地位;而美国对拉美本地区三种一体化进程分而治之的战略,打压了挑战美国霸权利益的力量,削弱了长期来看不利于美国霸权利益的进程,加强了有利于美国霸权利益的进程。

In order to maintain its hegemonic interests in the post-Cold War era,the United States has directly participated in the trans-regional integration processes,and adopted different attitudes towards the local Latin American integration processes.The United States tried to establish a free trade area of the American continent,which could be a base of American hegemonic institutional position.But this effort failed.Though constructing Trans-Pacific Relationship,signing bilateral free trade agreement,and exploiting the internal conflict in Latin American states,the United States tries to weaken those regional and sub-regional processes which aim to unite and get independence.The evolution of American strategies towards the Latin American regional integrating is coordinated with the prediction of theory of hegemonic interests.NAFATA,bilateral FTAs and TPP all belong to the U.S.trans-regional integration strategy,weaken and divide the Latin American states,and enhance the U.S.-dominated regional and global institutional systems,while promoting its hegemonic power status.The divide and rule strategy towards the Latin American regional integration in which the U.S.is not a formal member has suppressed the forces which challenges the U.S.hegemonic interests,weakened the processes which might harm the U.S.hegemonic interests,and promoted the processes which do good to the U.S.hegemonic interests.