高速列车用橡胶减振垫研制及试验研究

Development and experimental study of a rubber damping pad on the high-speed train

为实现高速列车橡胶减振垫的国产化,通过分析国外原装进口橡胶减振垫材料特性,自主研制了满足车辆动力性能的减振垫橡胶材料。采用少量纳米蒙脱土代替高结构炭黑填料,获得一种新型的耐疲劳性能优异的天然橡胶纳米复合材料。为检验自主研发橡胶材料的性能是否满足国外原装进口橡胶减振垫的技术要求,对自主研制的橡胶材料的静态力学性能(包括断裂拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、定伸应力及硬度)以及动态压缩疲劳性能(包括材料的疲劳极限应变和疲劳寿命)进行测试,并与国外原装进口橡胶减振垫材料进行比较。对橡胶材料的制成品——橡胶减振垫进行静刚度、动倍率、损耗系数、橡胶温升特性和疲劳性能进行测试,并与国外原装进口橡胶减振垫进行比较。试验证明,自制橡胶材料在力学性能和耐疲劳性能方面达到和超过国外相应材料,而且自制的橡胶减振垫动刚度、静刚度及耐疲劳性能与国外制件相当,获得了可与国外原装进口橡胶减振垫媲美的技术成果,奠定了实现橡胶减振垫国产化的基础。自制橡胶减振垫在刚度特性上好于国外原装进口橡胶减振垫,更接近减振垫设计要求。

To achieve the localization of the high-speed train rubber damping pad,through the analysis of the imported damping pad material properties,rubber damping pad satisfying the vehicle dynamic performance has been developed. A new type of natural rubber nanocomposites fatigue resistance performance is obtained,by using a small amount of nano montmorillonoid instead of carbon black filler. To test whether the performance of the homemade rubber material satisfy the requirements of the imported damping pad,static mechanics performance（ including tensile strength,elongation at failure,stretch stress and hardness） and dynamic compression fatigue performance（ including material fatigue limit strain and fatigue life） of the homemade rubber material are tested and compared with those of the imported damping pad material. Static stiffness,dynamic ratio,loss coefficient and temperature increase characteristic and the dynamic compression fatigue performance of rubber damping pad made of homemade rubber materials are tested,and compared with the imported rubber damping pad. Experimental results show that homemade material reach and surpass the imported rubber material in the aspects of mechanical properties and fatigue performance. Dynamic stiffness and static stiffness and fatigue resistance of rubber damping pad made of homemade material is above these of the imported rubber damping pad,closer to the design requirements of rubber pad. The foundation of localization of rubber damping pad is laid.