政府引导下的报废汽车逆向物流网络优化设计

Optimal design of reverse logistics network for the end-of-life automobiles under the guidance of the government

针对报废汽车集聚增加的问题,在无政府引导和有政府引导2种情形下分别设计废旧汽车逆向物流网络。在无政府引导下,以最小化网络总成本为目标,构建包含回收中心、再循环中心及再制造中心的三级废旧汽车逆向物流网络,涉及拆解零/部件的再利用、再循环、再制造和环保处理4种处理方式。基于原网络模型,政府通过补贴激励政策和对逆向物流产生的负外部效应进行约束来引导企业构建绿色物流网络。建立线性规划模型,采用cplex软件进行求解,并对各参数进行灵敏度分析。算例研究表明:政府实施的负效应约束能显著改变网络布局,政府补贴能有效降低网络成本,而2种政策的结合能以较低的成本建设负效应较小的物流网络。

With regard to the problem of the rapid increase of End-of-Life（ EOL） automobiles,the reverse logistics network of Eo L automobiles with and without the government guidance is designed respectively. Without the government guidance,in order to minimize the total cost of the network,a three levels of automobile reverse logistics network which includes collecting center,recycling centers and remanufacturing center is built. And it involves reuse,recycling,remanufacturing and environmental handling four kinds treatment means for the dismantled parts. Then,based on the original network model,the government guides the enterprises to build green reverse logistics network through the implementation of subsidies incentive policies and constraints of negative external effects of reverse logistics. It establishes a linear programming model,and then applies the software cplex to solve it and the sensitivity analysis for each parameter is conducted. The samples study indicate that the implementation of negative external effects constraints can obviously change the network layout,the government subsidies can effectively reduce the network cost,and the combined use of two kinds of policy can reduce the negative external effect of the reverse logistics network with lower network cost.