两种方法提取杨梅叶挥发油的成分与香味分析

Comparison of Volatile Oils Compositions and Fragrance of Myrica rubra Leaves Obtained by Two Extraction Methods

采用水蒸气蒸馏（SD）和同时蒸馏萃取（SDE）提取杨梅叶挥发油,运用GC-MS技术进行分离鉴定,并比较了各成分及香味差异。结果表明,SD和SDE挥发油的提取得率在0.12%~0.13%之间,无显著差异;通过GC-MS技术分别鉴定SD和SDE挥发油化学成分22和25种,共有成分15种,石竹烯和葎草烯是两种挥发油的主要成分,其含量分别占SD和SDE挥发油的45.76%和76.56%,差异显著;低沸点成分包括葎草烯、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、脱氢异植物醇、氢-顺-α-可巴烯-8-醇和δ-桉叶烯等,是体现杨梅叶挥发油头香的成分,在SD和SDE挥发油中各占26.93%和35.41%;高沸点部分包括石竹烯、氧化喇叭茶烯-（II）、γ-雪松烯、β-愈创木烯、芹子烯、γ-杜松烯、氧化石竹烯、白菖烯、衣兰烯、α-荜澄茄油烯、香橙烯和1,2-苯二甲酸二己酯等,是体现杨梅叶挥发油的体香和基香的成分,在SD和SDE挥发油中各占73.17%和57.33%;SDE挥发油头香的成分含量较高,SD挥发油体香和基香的成分含量较高。

Volatile oils of Myrica rubra leaves（MVO） were obtained by steam distillation（SD） and simultaneous distillationextraction（SDE） methods. The oils were analyzed by GC-MS and identif ied according to their mass spectra and computer retrieval, its fragrance were analyzed too. The results showed that the yield of oils extraction by SD and SDE methods was in the range of 0.12%~0.13%. 22 and 25 volatile compounds were identif ied in SD and SDE volatile oils, respectively. Among which, 15 mutual compounds were detected. β-caryophyllene and α-humulene predominated in MVO, Specifically. The concentrations of β-caryophyllene and α-humulene in SD and SDE oils were 45.76% and 76.56%, respectively. The top fragrance of MVO was due to low boiling compositions, which concentrations in SD and SDE oils were 26.93% and 35.41%, including α-humulene, α-copaene, β-copaene, dehydroisophytol, dihydro-cis-α-copaene-8-ol and δ-selinene. The body and basic fragrance of MVO was due to high boiling compositions, which concentrations in SD and SDE oils were 73.17% and 57.33%, including β-caryophyllene, ledene oxide-（II）, γ-himachalene, β-guaiene,（-）-a-selinene,（-）-g-cadinene, caryophyllene oxide, calarene, alloaromadendrene, ylangene, α-cubebene and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester 1, 2-. The top fragrance contention of SD oils was higher than SDE oils＇, but the body and basic fragrance contention of SD oils was lower than SDE oils＇.