舞阳贾湖遗址骨制叉形器的制作、使用与传播初探

叉形器是贾湖遗址出土的较为特殊的一类骨制品,多与骨笛、龟甲组合共同出土于遗址墓葬中,经分析,三者可能皆为某种宗教仪式用具。显微观察的结果表明,贾湖叉形器的制作集切割、打磨、抛光、穿孔等多种工艺于一身。叉形器的使用方式是手持,双叉戳插,钩形钩悬物品,刀状部分环护;叉形器的所有者以贾湖先民中具有较高社会地位的男性为主。形似叉形器的骨制品在大汶口文化和龙虬庄文化诸遗址中均有发现,贾湖文化对大汶口文化和龙虬庄文化皆产生过一定的影响。

The forked instrument, a very special kind of bone products, is often recovered together with bone flute and tortoise shell from the burials in Jiahu site which might have been used for ritual activities in that time. Microscopic observations show that the manufacturing process of the forked instrument probably include cutting, polishing, perforation, grinding and so on. The forked instrument is a hand-held implement, and its two forks, hook part and the knife-shaped part should be used for stabbing, hanging items and protection respectively. The owner of these forked instruments were mainly male with high social status. According to public literature, many bone products like forked instrument were also found in some sites dating to Dawenkou Culture and Longqiuzhuang Culture which indicate that Jiahu culture probably have had an impact on them.